مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 2 (صیف 1443)

Entrepreneurs need to develop marketing strategies and tools that go beyond conventional customer definitions and target any organization or individual that can have a positive impact on a venture entrepreneurial business. In this sense, one of the important roles of entrepreneurial marketing is to focus on its impact on the brand of an organization and the entrepreneurial organizational culture. Assessing the existing backgrounds, a lack of research in this field is felt especially about the mediating role of entrepreneurial organizational culture. The present study is descriptive-correlation based on the applied purpose and based on the nature and method. In the analysis of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results, the data distribution was not normal; therefore, Smart Pls software was used for the data analysis. The PLS method for fitting and evaluating the validity of structural equation models covers three parts. Fitting of measurement models, fit of structural model, fit of general model. The results showed that the conceptual model has a good fit. Also, to test the research hypotheses, the path coefficient and statistical value of t were used, all of which were confirmed, and we concluded that the entrepreneurial marketing mix has an effect on the brand of the organization and entrepreneurial culture Entrepreneurship affects the relationship between the entrepreneurial marketing mix and the brand of the organization.

Historiography throughout the nineteenth century was influenced by the two paradigms of Leopold von Rankechr('39')s "narrative" and Auguste Comtechr('39')s "positivism." From his birth, Comte’s sociology took the path of separation from history. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim descended from the ivory tower of positivism and began the first convergent steps by questioning history. Marc Bloch pioneered this convergence, and his efforts and those of anal historians at the beginning of the twentieth century had a clear impact on the formation of new knowledge of historical sociology. This contemporary knowledge is not well-known and the dialogue of sociologists and historians, according to Fernand Braudel, remained the conversation of the deaf. On the other hand, the excitement of some historians in turning to sociological theories and their misuse caused them to distance themselves from the principles of historiography. The main question of this research is: What are the components of Mark Blochchr('39')s methodology in historiography? How can this methodology be used by historians? The findings of this study show:1- "Critique of narrative-oriented historiography and influenced by positivism",  2- "Extensive but conditional receipt of other knowledge" and 3- Presenting a "comparative history" forms the main components of Blochchr('39')s approach, which historians can present a more scientific and humane history by being aware of these components and examples of Blochchr('39')s research.

A type of needlework known as Zoroastrian embroidery (Zartoshti-douzi) was common as decorative art in ancient Iran. The art of ornamenting womenchr('39')s clothing with patterns arranged in a coherent visual and aesthetic way prompts following question: Which visual and semantic structures were allowed to be sewn as Zoroastrian embroidery motifs onto womenchr('39')s dresses? The inquiry is particularly highlighted since they were seen as the most striking cultural symbols in the ethnic garment of the time, bearing the grave responsibility of preservation and continuation of Zoroastrian womenchr('39')s identity throughout the historical period of Islamic Iran. Accordingly, the present study attempts to conduct a formal and thematic analysis and decode these motifs. Such studies can provide a deeper insight into the dominant artistic sphere, and the resulting knowledge will serve a reliable reference for understanding other Iranian ornamental needlework in garment design. Data analysis shows that motifs were taken from natural, floral, and animal elements, which, in ancient Iranian culture and belief, carried symbolic values and meanings as eternity and immortality, recreation, thriving and growth, enlightenment, exuberance and dynamism, wisdom, blessings, and fertility. These concepts were regarded as realizations of womenchr('39')s wishes, desires, and ideal aspirations, and were sewn onto pieces of clothing one way or another in accordance with their extent of sacredness. Visually speaking, they were used in a variety of forms from realistic to abstract, and manifested colorful imagery using different sewing styles and silk threads.

The purpose of this study is to model the international entrepreneurship in small and medium knowledge-based businesses in Iran. The present study is based on a qualitative approach of the Grounded theory type, and is done through purposeful sampling and data collection from 21 managers and employees of knowledge-based businesses active in the field of medical equipment. In addition, the data is analyzed using the interview tool in three stages of common coding (open, axial and selective coding) in the qualitative approach. The results identify ten main categories related to the development of knowledge-based business outputs resulting from their international entrepreneurship. Five of these categories are contextual and intervening factors, including macro-context, micro-context, foreign market, domestic market, and political context. The component of how to enter the international market influenced by the underlying factors on providing services to customers, research and development, as well as customer relations, which in general has causal effects on market strategies adopted by knowledge-based business companies active in international entrepreneurship. These results provide valuable insights for managers and researchers on how to do international entrepreneurship in knowledge-based businesses.

Considering the effect of sports on different aspects of individual and social life and its importance at the national level, the present study seeks to examine the role of mass media (radio, television, magazines and internet) in the tendency of women in Tehran. The research method is based on survey and questionnaire data collected from the women statistical society of Tehran. For that matter, 384 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. They were those practicing in public parks and sports clubs in different part of Tehran. The main method in data analysis was Pearson and structural equation modeling and factor analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. Giddens and Budrillard were taken into account to explain the subject in a theatrical framework. The results show that there was a relationship between variables (age and level of development of residential area and women tendency to public sports, but there was no relationship between (academic levels, access to of sports facilities). The results also show that there was a direct and significant relationship between the dimension of media function (eduction, information and advertising, personal body management) and the tendency to public sports, among which information and advertising have the highest correlation coefficient i.e. 0/471 and personal body management had the lowest correlation coefficient of 0/171.

The present research aims to analyze the morphophonemic processes of present stem after adding inflectional affixes. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is base on Dehkhoda Dictionary (2011), and Sokhan Dictionary (2003). There are 159 present stem based on Tabatabachr('39')i (1997) which are uncusative affixes, undenominative and unborrowing stems. The data have been analyzed in the framework of Generative Phonological theory and then transcribed according to the International Phonetic Alphabet "I.P.A". Results show that in formal speaking "Hamza" or the glottal stop [ʔ] is added to verbs that begin with vowel. After adding the implication and command prefix /be-/ to the present stem of simple verbs in Persian Language, because of the hiatus and the initial vowel stems, the glide [j] is inserted and then the process of raising the vowel /e/ of the implication and command prefix will happen; therefore, the vowel shortening process in informal spoken Persian Language is not seen but only the process of gliding and raising the vowel happens. On the other hand after adding the continuance prefix / mi- /, "Hamza" is not inserted in informal spoken Persian Language and instead, the front vowel shortening process /i/ and gliding as short vowel sequence and gliding [-ej-] and then raising the front central vowel [e] before gliding [j] as vowel sequence and glide [-ij-] are observed. In such structures, there is no "Hamza" or the glottal stop [ʔ] in the hiatus in informal spoken. . The results of the present study show that a) in informal spoken, the weight of some syllables becomes lighter than its weight in formal spoken. b) The number of syllables of a word is in some cases less than the formal.

One of the basics and conditions of being able to write is the student’s ability and ability to benefit from other skills such as reading and listening. These two skills provide the learner with information and vocabulary through which he can do the written work. The problem of research highlights that most Iranian students after the bachelor degree do not meet the required level in language skills in general and writing in particular. Based on this fact and the reality supported by many official studies and statistics, the current research sheds light on the reality of Iranian students’ writing and weaknesses, and then to provide an alternative method to the independent one adopted in many universities in Iran. To achieve this goal, we first selected two student groups from Shahid Beheshti University and the University of Tehran, and after verifying their level and agreement in written performance, we presented and taught the integrated method to the first group while the second group was subjected to teaching via the independent method. We chose the descriptive and analytical approach as a tool in describing the phenomenon and the reality of students and obtaining results after the experiment and finally analyzing them to come up with a complete article. The results of the experiment were supportive of the proposed method, whereby students who received teaching interacted through the integrated method in an acceptable manner and there was an evolution of approximately 20 percent, where the average of the experimental group before starting the experiment was 95.36%, and this ratio reached at the end of the semester to 5/55%, which is the ratio High, especially if compared to the control group whose average score at the beginning of the semester was 41.5% and reached the end of the semester 5/46%. Part of this success in the experiment is attributed to the way students received writing education, as well as to the constant emphasis during the semester on theoretical aspects of writing and its components and teaching students the successful method of writing and its various parts..

Portfolio is one of the new tools in educational systems and an alternative method in assessment whose application, based on many researches, results in better learning, independence enhancement as well as self-learning skill in students. Thus, this research intends to, considering experimental method, investigate the effects of portfolio application in Arabic language teaching in Iranian high schools. Since the educational and assessment methods in most schools are based on conventional ones such as teaching books directly to students and mid-term and final exams, intending mostly to prepare the students for the university entrance exam, a question arises as to whether applying portfolio based on various class and homework assignments can lead to the improvement in learning Arabic language in Iran compared to the conventional method. The sample research were conducted among 30 students of the eleventh grade –with humanity as major –in Resalat and Ghalam Sefid high schools located in Isfahan. Arabic lesson based on the portfolio method is administered for experimental group in Ghalam Sefid high school and another method –conventional one is administered for control group in Resalat high school. Results suggest that there is a meaningful difference between the two groups and portfolio has had a positive effect on educational improvement in the experimental group in Ghalam Sefid high school compared the control group in Rsalat high school.

Sustainable development is not possible without the participation of all segments of society. One of the criteria for the development of countries is the level of womenchr('39')s participation in governing bodies. Despite the empowerment of women and the desire to participate in management, the promotion of women still faces obstacles and challenges. The present qualitative research, using the thematic analysis method, aims to identify the elements of the model of womenchr('39')s promotion to executive positions in Iranian public organizations. The sample consists of 42 female-male managers and women experts who have worked in public sectors. The sampling method is purposeful and theoretical saturation has been used to achieve adequate sampling. The data collection was based on individual and centralized semi-structured interview methods and was analyzed at three stages of descriptive, interpretive and integration coding. According to the findings, the elements of womenchr('39')s promotion model in 4 main themes and 12 sub-themes include: Gender awareness and re-defining of womenchr('39')s identity (thoughtful awareness instead of passive acceptance, re-defining womenchr('39')s identity, empathy instead of self-suppression, role management), political determination (supportive and determined government), jurisprudential and legal reconsideration, the formation of womenchr('39')s parties, the system of equal promotion opportunity (the strategy of selecting the right instead of appointing the affiliated, encouraging promotion instead of persuading the job), collective awakening and national determination (collective awareness, cooperation of reference groups and formation of civil institutions). The results show that the establishment of the proposed model will be possible by creating an interactive space between social actors in the heart of structures. To create such an atmosphere, the formation of human-centered discourse is essential. This discourse has four dimensions: interpersonal discourse, inter-party discourse, competency discourse and social discourse.